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Vital Climate Graphics :
Observed Climate Trends
Next: Potential
climate change impacts

17. Over the last 100 years, the global sea level has risen by about
10 to 25 cm.
Sea level change is difficult to measure. Relative sea level changes
have been derived mainly from tide-gauge data. In the conventional
tide-gauge system, the sea level is measured relative to a land-based
tide-gauge benchmark. The major problem is that the land experiences
vertical movements (e.g. from isostatic effects, neotectonism, and
sedimentation), and these get incorporated into the measurements.
However, improved methods of filtering out the effects of long-term
vertical land movements, as well as a greater reliance on the longest
tide-gauge records for estimating trends, have provided greater
confidence that the volume of ocean water has indeed been increasing,
causing the sea level to rise within the given range.
It is likely that much of the rise in sea level has been related to
the concurrent rise in global temperature over the last 100 years. On
this time scale, the warming and the consequent thermal expansion of
the oceans may account for about 2-7 cm of the observed sea level
rise, while the observed retreat of glaciers and ice caps may account
for about 2-5 cm. Other factors are more difficult to quantify. The
rate of observed sea level rise suggests that there has been a net
positive contribution from the huge ice sheets of Greenland and
Antarctica, but observations of the ice sheets do not yet allow
meaningful quantitative estimates of their separate contributions. The
ice sheets remain a major source of uncertainty in accounting for past
changes in sea level because of insufficient data about these ice
sheets over the last 100 years.
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climate change impacts
Vital Climate Graphics :
Observed Climate Trends
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